Background: Use of Computer has been increased during the recent years. There are numerous factors affecting Computer use in different organizations, while user’s involvement is among the most common influencing issues. The aim of the present study was to assess the relationship between Computer user involvement and Computer attitude and anxiety in community health centers. Materials and methods: It was a descriptive study. Totally, 319 nurses and staff working in community health centers were included. Data were collected using a questionnaire composed of 3 parts: Computer users' involvement, attitude towards the Computer, and Computer anxiety. Results: Results showed that most of the respondents, 86.8% were women and 11.6% were men. Most of the male candidates (42.9%) aged 45-54 years while most of the females (42.1%) aged 35-44 years. Users' involvement induce a positive attitude towards the Computer (p<0.0001). Indeed, users' involvement could increase positive attitude toward Computer for patient care and patient confidentiality and can reduce Computer anxiety (p<0.05). Results have revealed that in the pretest analysis, most of the subjects had a moderate attitude and knowledge, however, following the education, most of the cases acquired suitable attitude and knowledge (p<0.001), while the differences among controls were not statistically significant. Conclusion: For providing successful implementation and development of Computerized information systems, user’s involvement is an important issue. Therefore, this factor should be considered by managers.

In this paper we tried to depict the effect of Computer-mediated communication on attitude change in intercultural interpersonal communications. The researchers arranged 20 virtual informal deep interviews with non-Iranian interviewees who have been in contact with the researchers via the internet during the last 10 years. Despite the fact that their perceptions about Iranians years ago were very schematic in the first encounters with the researchers, the researchers recognized these attitudes had changed gradually during these years. Observing such a change in the daily communications, the researchers decided to share this ethno-methodological knowledge with their intellectual colleagues; so this paper started to be written systematically. First, in reference to Arbib, Conklin, and Hill, the researcher tried to discover the mechanisms of schema formation about Iranians in the minds of these interviewees. The researchers also classified the schematic perceptions- what Wood defines as Personal Constructs, Prototypes, Stereotypes, and Scripts- about Iranians. Second, an attempt was made to find out why these interviewees, with those pre-maintained negative attitudes about Iranians, became interested to interact with an Iranian on the internet. Next, they have been asked about their mental experiences of facing an Iranian, whose characteristics are in contrast to the prejudice they had maintained about Iranians. Finally, Affective-Cognitive Consistency Theory was used by Rosenberg and Abelson to explain how those stereotypical and prejudicial attitudes about Iranians have changed in the context of emotional give-and-takes in friendships.

Although e-learning opportunities are very widespread and the use of e-learning is increasingly growing, little research has been done on students’ attitude towards e-learning. However, the attitude towards e-learning plays a key role in the success of this type of learning. The present research aims to study the effects of Computer anxiety on the attitude towards e-learning with a focus on the mediating role of factors like Computer and the Internet self-efficacy, as well as attitude towards Computer and the Internet, using model testing. The research applied the correlational method. Using cluster random sampling, 485 subjects were selected from among the students of public high schools in Noor-Abad, Lorestan. They were asked to complete the questionnaires designed based on the conceptual model. Computer anxiety had negative and almost equal effects on the attitude towards Computer and the attitude towards the Internet. Internet self-efficacy had positive and significant effect on the attitude towards e-learning. In general, the modified model had a good fit with the collected data. It showed the important role of factors such as Computer anxiety, Computer self-efficacy, the attitude towards Computer, Internet self-efficacy, and the attitude towards the Internet in the attitude towards e-learning.

The aim of this study was to assess the use, needs, and attitudes of soccer coaches towards Computer. The statistical population consisted of football coaches of Isfahan city. The sample was selected from literate soccer coaches (diploma and higher) of Isfahan city by convenience purposive sampling method. According to the research objectives, a questionnaire which was the combination of two standard questionnaires (FAIT, TAC) was used for data collection. This questionnaires was sent to 150 football coaches and finally 109 questionnaires were completed and returned. The reliability of the questionnaire was determined using internal consistency technique (Cronbach’ s alpha) which was 0. 94, 0. 64, 0. 72 and 0. 78 for attitude, accessibility, use and needs respectively. Descriptive analysis was used to describe the current needs of coaches and statistical analysis was used to determine attitudes, accessibility, use, and the needs of coaches by one-sample t test. The results were measured by mean scores in each section. Statistical analysis of data gathered by the questionnaire revealed that in general, coaches' feeling toward Computer was positive, accessibility of Computer was higher than average, use of Computer was very low (once a month) and feeling to need a Computer was relatively high (P≤ 0. 05).

Background and purpose: Presently, the method of medical teaching has shifted from lecture-based to Computer-based. The learning style may play a key role in the attitude toward learning Computer. The goal of this study was to study the relationship between the learning style and attitude toward Computer among Iranian medical students.Methods: This cross-sectional study included 400 medical students. Barsch learning style inventory and a questionnaire on the attitude toward Computer was sent to each student. The enthusiasm, anxiety, and overall attitude toward Computer were compared among the different learning styles.Results: The response rate to the questionnaire was 91.8%. The distribution of learning styles in the students was 181 (49.3%) visual, 106 (28.9%) auditory, 27 (7.4%) tactual, and 53 (14.4%) overall. Visual learners were less anxious for Computer use and showed more positive attitude toward Computer. Sex, age, and academic grade were not associated with students’ attitude toward Computer.Conclusions: The learning style is an important factor in the students’ attitude toward Computer among medical students, which should be considered in planning Computer-based learning programs.

The nature of Computer tools is the way it is used and the type of its function, which can be seen in two ways: active with the technical function, or passive with the dominance of deceptive human activity, enable them to play two different roles and ultimately form There are two distinct types of fraud including classical and Computer fraud. Based on this, those believe the broad interpretation, consider the mere use of a Computer-based tool during the criminal's activity to be sufficient to Computer fraud. On the opposite, the followers of the narrow interpretation, by presenting a logical and Conceptual interpretation of Article 741 of the Islamic Penal Code (the section on Computer crimes), consider Computer tools to be effective in the formation of Computer fraud only in two sections: "How to use and type of operation" and "commitment situation" that qualify for special conditions during the monitoring and processing of data and the interaction of two systems at the beginning and destination, which associated with indirect human action. This research, with the method of studying official and library sources and evaluating the judicial procedure and some court decisions, succeeded in identifying and extracting three objective criteria: "a Computer as an inherent characteristic of a tool with data processing capability", "the need for culpable to use the technical and active function of a tool" and finally "the virtuality of the platform from the beginning to the end of the process of creating and realizing the crime in this platform" which seems to be effective in the differential evaluation of these two forms of fraud in Similar cases. In this regard, it is suggested three criteria be applied in the form of an approved law, so that the challenge in question doesn’t lead to Division and disagreement in judicial procedure.

The purpose of this study was to determine the share of psychological hardiness, self-efficacy and achievement motivation in predicting Computer attitude of students in Payam Noor University of Shahre Kord. The type of the research was predictive correlation. The statistical population consisted of all students in Payam Noor University in the first semester of the academic year 2011-2012. For sampling, 100 students of 10 fields of study were selected by stratified random sampling method. Computer attitude Scale (CAS), Ahvas Hardiness Inventory (AHI), General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE) and Herman's achievement motivation questionnaire were used for measuring the research variables. Descriptive statistics and stepwise regression was used for data analysis. Results showed that psychological hardiness could significantly predict the Computer attitude in students (P = 0.000), and adding self-efficacy to psychological hardiness increased significantly the predicting power of their Computer attitude (P = 0.000); but adding achievement motivation variable to psychological hardiness and self-efficacy variables could not increase significantly the predicting power of Computer attitude in these subjects. Consequently, according to the evidence, one of the ways to improve students' attitude to Computer is strengthening the psychological hardiness and self-efficacy.